{"id":1607,"date":"2026-04-11T13:26:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T05:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mayaharper.showcasingme.net\/vn\/advanced-uml-object-diagram-construction\/"},"modified":"2026-04-10T11:34:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T03:34:23","slug":"advanced-uml-object-diagram-construction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mayaharper.showcasingme.net\/vn\/advanced-uml-object-diagram-construction\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong khi Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. \ud83d\udcca<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Infographic gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo phong c\u00e1ch Chibi minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML n\u00e2ng cao: gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh thoi, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c OCL, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kawaii d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c quan\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mayaharper.showcasingme.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/chibi-uml-object-diagram-advanced-techniques-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chung, Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<h2>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed7i n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>T\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng &#8220;<em>tenTheHien:TenLop&#8221;<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch:<\/strong>D\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u00ean kh\u1ecfi lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1eeb khi \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 &#8220;<code>nguoiDung1:NguoiDung\"<\/code>. Ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 &#8220;<code>tenDangNhap: \"alice\"\"<\/code>. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbp chung chung.<\/p>\n<h2>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n<p>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e2ng cao, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00ean vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9i s\u1ed1:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia. Trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\n<th>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th>Ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<td>H\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 &#8211; B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<td>H\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 &#8211; B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>B\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \ud83d\udd22<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ed9t:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 0..1, th\u00ec Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hai li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00edch, tr\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udc8e<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha. Trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Khoa t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu Khoa b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><em>Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/em> <code>Khoa<\/code> \u2014(\u25c7)\u2014 <code>Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cha b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y. Trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu Nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, c\u00e1c Ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><em>Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/em> <code>Nh\u00e0<\/code> \u2014(\u25c6)\u2014 <code>Ph\u00f2ng<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p OCL \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n<p>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c B\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft:<\/strong>C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang sau khi m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OCL), h\u00e3y nh\u00fang logic d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ghi ch\u00fa v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/th>\n<th>Logic v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<th>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\n<td>tu\u1ed5i &gt; 0<\/td>\n<td>Ghi ch\u00fa v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>email l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ed9p r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c UML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<td>tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i = \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbn. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<code>obj<\/code>, <code>inst<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>CamelCase:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng camelCase cho t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 PascalCase cho t\u00ean l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong> C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft theo chi\u1ec1u ngang ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao c\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp. M\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u1edbp trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00fap \u00edch cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p theo quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh. Ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u1eadt l\u00fd. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic. \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u2705<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. N\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a n\u00f3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong khi Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh c\u1ee7a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"source_url":"","source_h1_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_fifu_image_alt":"","fifu_alt":"","_fifu_alt":"","fifu_image_title":"","_fifu_image_title":"","fifu_input_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[44,45],"asset-category":[],"class_list":["post-1607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-object-diagram"],"source_url":"","source_h1_title":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML n\u00e2ng cao | H\u01b0\u1edbng 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