{"id":1484,"date":"2026-04-14T15:56:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T07:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mayaharper.showcasingme.net\/vn\/faq-about-uml-object-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T15:56:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T07:56:20","slug":"faq-about-uml-object-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mayaharper.showcasingme.net\/vn\/faq-about-uml-object-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n

\ud83d\udd0d Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0oc\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/strong>. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, cho th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u1edf ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ai \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7 l\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec l\u1edbp:<\/strong> N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh:<\/strong> N\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83c\udd9a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n

    S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00ean l\u1edbp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code>)<\/td>\nT\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:customer1 : Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/td>\nT\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m th\u1eed, g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG).<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, user_01 : User<\/code>.<\/li>\n
    • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1, 0..*, 1..1) cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u0129nh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
    • C\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c logic gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u2753 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      1. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng?<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba (t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 si\u00eau l\u1edbp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3u Manager<\/code> (m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con), th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code> (l\u1edbp cha). B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu manager_01 : Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/code> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code> l\u1edbp. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u0129nh. Ch\u00fang ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian, thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn. D\u00f9ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong UML. M\u1ed9t Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n bi\u1ebft<\/code> gi\u1eefa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/code> v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/code>. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n bi\u1ebft<\/code> gi\u1eefa alice : Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/code> v\u00e0 bob : Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/code>. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      4. Khi n\u00e0o t\u00f4i n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp?<\/h3>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • G\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i:<\/strong>Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb trong l\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/li>\n
      • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 truy v\u1ea5n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c minh tri\u1ec3n khai so v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        5. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng?<\/h3>\n

        T\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9tB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/code>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1uNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code>, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9tb\u1ed9ph\u1eadn_01<\/code>li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi banh\u00e2nvi\u00ean_01<\/code>, nh\u00e2nvi\u00ean_02<\/code>, v\u00e0nh\u00e2nvi\u00ean_03<\/code>c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft vi ph\u1ea1m r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9tB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/code>\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi 100 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u1ebfu r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 50. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

        6. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mang t\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

        7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (b\u1ea3ng, c\u1ed9t, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

        Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u logic v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng trong B\u1ea3ng B. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c JOIN ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        8. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh k\u00e8m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

        C\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh. Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “tu\u1ed5i : int<\/code>), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “tu\u1ed5i : 28<\/code>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        9. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

        T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn-to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu, n\u01a1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t “B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn<\/code> c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tan r\u00e3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh, n\u01a1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t “Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0<\/code> ch\u1ee9a Ph\u00f2ng<\/code>. N\u1ebfu ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

          10. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1eadc cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n
          • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u0129nh.<\/li>\n
          • Thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>Qu\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            11. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch?<\/h3>\n

            Quy \u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0t\u00ean\u0110\u1ed1iT\u01b0\u1ee3ng : T\u00eanL\u1edbp<\/code>. T\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00ean l\u1edbp, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hoa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,\u0111\u01a1n_h\u00e0ng_55 : \u0110\u01a1nH\u00e0ng<\/code>. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3u (l\u1edbp) v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n

            N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t UUID, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

            12. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u1eeba n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ngng\u01b0\u1eddi_d\u00f9ng_01 : Ng\u01b0\u1eddiD\u00f9ng<\/code>tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7nX\u00e1cTh\u1ef1c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/code>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn giao di\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udee0 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. H\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf theo t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
            • X\u00e1c minh v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c thi ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
            • Ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Gi\u1eef ch\u00fang trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udcc9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, hay c\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t?<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, tham chi\u1ebfu treo ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

                \ud83d\ude80 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
                • V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
                • V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udcdd Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML<\/h2>\n

                  Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                  Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y quay l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[44,45],"class_list":["post-1484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-object-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn & V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML. 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